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| synonyms_ref= 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species )〕 }} ''Prunus avium'', commonly called wild cherry, sweet cherry,〔 bird cherry,〔 or gean,〔 is a species of cherry native to Europe, Anatolia, Maghreb, and western Asia, from the British Isles〔(British Trees Online )〕 south to Morocco and Tunisia, north to the Trondheimsfjord region in Norway and east to the Caucasus and northern Iran, with a small isolated population in the western Himalaya.〔Euro+Med Plantbase Project: (''Prunus avium'' )〕〔Den Virtuella Floran: (''Prunus avium'' ) (in Swedish; with (map ))〕 The species is widely cultivated in other regions and has become naturalized in North America and Australia.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Prunus avium : Sweet Cherry – Atlas of Living Australia )〕〔(Calflora taxon report, University of California, Prunus avium (L.) L. sweet cherry )〕〔(Flora of North America, ''Prunus avium'' (Linnaeus) Linnaeus, 1755. Sweet cherry, cerisier des oiseaux )〕 ''Prunus avium,'' in the rose family, has a diploid set of sixteen chromosomes (2''n'' = 16).〔Tavaud, M.; Zanetto, A.; David, J.L.; Laigret, F.; Dirlewanger, E. (2004). Genetic relationships between diploid and allotetraploid cherry species ''(Prunus avium, Prunus xgondouinii and Prunus cerasus).'' ''Heredity''. 93(6): 631–638.〕 All parts of the plant except for the ripe fruit are slightly toxic, containing cyanogenic glycosides. == Nomenclature == The early history of its classification is somewhat confused. In the first edition of ''Species Plantarum'' (1753), Linnaeus treated it as only a variety, ''Prunus cerasus'' var. ''avium'', citing Gaspard Bauhin's ''Pinax theatri botanici'' (1596) as a synonym; his description, ''Cerasus racemosa hortensis'' ("cherry with racemes, of gardens") shows it was described from a cultivated plant.〔Linnaeus, C. (1753). ''Species Plantarum'' 1: 474. (Online facsimile. )〕 Linnaeus then changed from a variety to a species ''Prunus avium'' in the second edition of his ''Flora Suecica'' in 1755.〔Linnaeus, C. (1755). ''Flora Suecica'', ed. 2: 165.〕 Sweet cherry was known historically as gean or mazzard (also 'massard'), until recently, both were largely obsolete names in modern English. The name "wild cherry" is also commonly applied to other species of ''Prunus'' growing in their native habitats, particularly to the North American species ''Prunus serotina''. ''Prunus avium'' means "bird cherry" in the Latin language,〔 but in English "bird cherry" refers to ''Prunus padus''.〔Flora of NW Europe: (''Prunus padus'' )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Prunus avium」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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